What is the primary role of anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation patients?

The primary role of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation is to prevent blood clots from forming. Atrial fibrillation can lead to turbulent blood flow in the atria, increasing the risk of clot formation, particularly in the left atrial appendage. When clots form, they can dislodge and travel to the brain, leading to a stroke.

Anticoagulants work by inhibiting various factors in the coagulation cascade, which reduces the ability of the blood to clot. This is crucial for patients with atrial fibrillation, as the prevention of thrombus formation can significantly reduce the incidence of stroke and other complications associated with blood clots. This therapeutic approach focuses on maintaining normal blood flow and minimizing the risks associated with the arrhythmia.

In contrast, increasing blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and enhancing heart rate do not address the underlying risks of clot formation in this patient population. The specific function of anticoagulants is what makes them essential in the management of atrial fibrillation.