What is the primary role of statins in cardiovascular health?

Statins play a crucial role in cardiovascular health primarily by lowering cholesterol levels. They are a class of medications that inhibit the action of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is key in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver. By reducing the liver's production of cholesterol, statins help to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Lowering cholesterol is particularly important for individuals who have a history of cardiovascular disease or those at high risk for heart diseases, as it can significantly reduce the likelihood of major cardiovascular events. Statins may also have other beneficial effects, such as stabilizing plaque in the arteries and reducing inflammation.

The other choices do not reflect the primary function of statins, as they do not increase heart rate, boost blood pressure, or reduce physical exercise. Instead, statins focus on managing cholesterol to improve cardiovascular outcomes.