What is the effect of beta-blockers on heart rate?

Beta-blockers are medications that primarily work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. By doing so, they reduce the heart's workload and lower the heart rate. This is particularly beneficial in conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and certain types of arrhythmias, where it is desirable to decrease the heart rate to improve cardiac efficiency and decrease oxygen demand.

Beta-blockers achieve this reduction in heart rate by inhibiting the action of norepinephrine and epinephrine on the heart, leading to decreased cardiac output and reduced heart rate. This can provide significant therapeutic benefits in managing cardiovascular conditions, as a slower heart rate can help improve the heart's ability to pump effectively and reduce the likelihood of arrhythmias.

The capability of beta-blockers to decrease heart rate is one of their most important pharmacological effects and makes them a cornerstone in the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions.