What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is primarily characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within the walls of arteries. This process leads to the formation of plaques that can restrict blood flow and contribute to cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and strokes. As these plaques grow, they can lead to increased arterial stiffness and narrowing, which exacerbate the problem by making it harder for blood to flow smoothly through affected vessels.

The correct choice highlights the core pathology of atherosclerosis, emphasizing the role of lipids and cholesterol accumulation, which is fundamental to understanding the disease's development and its impact on cardiovascular health. Recognizing the insidious nature of this condition is crucial for developing strategies in prevention and treatment, as well as for recognizing risk factors that can accelerate its progression.