What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is accurately described as a condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque. This plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin, which accumulate within the walls of arteries. Over time, this buildup can restrict blood flow, leading to significant cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and strokes.

The process begins with damage to the inner lining of the arteries, often due to factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and inflammation. Once the endothelium is damaged, LDL cholesterol penetrates the arterial wall and begins the formation of plaque. As the plaque advances, it hardens and narrows the artery, which not only impairs blood flow but can also lead to the rupture of the plaque and subsequent clot formation, further exacerbating the risk of acute cardiovascular events.

Recognizing atherosclerosis as the primary underlying condition that leads to these serious outcomes is crucial for understanding its impact on heart health and the importance of prevention strategies, such as lifestyle modifications and medical interventions. Other choices reflect different health conditions that are not related to the specific process and implications of atherosclerosis.