What does the term "atherosclerotic plaque" refer to?

The term "atherosclerotic plaque" specifically refers to the buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances on the arterial walls. This process is a key component of atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the thickening and hardening of arterial walls due to these deposits. Atherosclerotic plaques can lead to the narrowing of arteries, which restricts blood flow and increases the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes.

The components of atherosclerotic plaques include not only lipids but also inflammatory cells, cellular debris, and fibrous tissues. This accumulation disrupts the normal function of blood vessels and can result in the formation of plaques that are unstable and prone to rupture. When these plaques rupture, they can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can completely block blood flow. Understanding the nature of atherosclerotic plaques is crucial for grasping the development of cardiovascular diseases and their management.

In contrast, the other options describe different cardiovascular conditions or phenomena that are not related to the specific definition of atherosclerotic plaque.