What does heart valve disease affect?

Heart valve disease primarily affects blood flow through the heart. In a healthy heart, the valves ensure that blood flows in the correct direction, preventing any backflow or leakage. When these valves become damaged or diseased, they may not open or close properly, leading to insufficient or excessive blood flow through the chambers of the heart. This disruption can result in various complications, such as heart murmur, heart failure, and other cardiovascular issues, as the efficiency of blood circulation is compromised.

The other options are related to different aspects of cardiovascular function. While heart valve disease may have indirect effects on heart structure and muscle mass over time due to altered hemodynamics, the primary concern remains with blood flow. The development of new blood vessels and heart's electrical signals are influenced by other factors and conditions, not specifically by heart valve disease.