How does hypertension affect the cardiovascular system?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, significantly impacts the cardiovascular system primarily by increasing the workload on the heart and blood vessels. When blood pressure is elevated, the heart must exert more force to pump blood against the higher resistance in the arteries. Over time, this increased workload can lead to several detrimental effects, including left ventricular hypertrophy, where the heart muscle thickens in response to the heightened demands placed on it.

Additionally, high blood pressure can cause damage to the blood vessels, making them stiffer and narrower due to the effects of atherosclerosis or vascular remodeling. This can further exacerbate cardiovascular issues, increasing the risk of heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. Therefore, understanding the impact of hypertension on the cardiovascular system is essential for managing health and preventing serious complications associated with the condition.