How can chronic stress affect cardiovascular health?

Chronic stress influences cardiovascular health in several significant ways, primarily through its effects on blood pressure and heart rate. Under prolonged stress, the body activates its fight-or-flight response, which increases the levels of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones contribute to increased heart rate and can lead to elevated blood pressure.

When the fight-or-flight response is consistently activated due to chronic stress, the continuous elevation of heart rate and blood pressure can strain the heart and blood vessels, potentially resulting in conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, or even stroke. Additionally, chronic stress can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking, further exacerbating cardiovascular risk.

This understanding highlights the importance of managing stress for maintaining overall cardiovascular health. The incorrect answers reflect misunderstandings about the effects of stress on the cardiovascular system. For instance, chronic stress does not lead to a decrease in heart rate or have no effect on overall health; rather, it has profound implications for both physical and mental health.